This plant is listed by the U.S. federal government or a state. Common names are from state and federal lists. Click on a place
name to get a complete noxious weed list for that location,
or click here for a composite list of all
Federal and State Noxious Weeds.
This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. This plant
may be known by one or more common names in different
places, and some are listed above. Click on an acronym
to view each weed list, or click here for a
composite list of Weeds of the U.S.
Whitson, T.D. (ed.) et al.
1996.
Weeds of the West.
Western Society of Weed Science in cooperation with Cooperative Extension Services, University of Wyoming.
Laramie, Wyoming.
Wetland Indicator Status:
NOTE: On June 1, 2012, the 2012 National Wetland Plant List superseded the information below (see Federal Register, May 9, 2012, 77(90): 27210-27214[https://federalregister.gov/a/2012-11176]). For updated wetland information about this species, see the latest wetland list.
Everitt, J.H., D.L. Drawe, and R.I. Lonard. 1999. Field guide to the broad leaved herbaceous plants of South Texas used by livestock and wildlife. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock.
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